Art of projection



raten-od .sept ie,- lees i UNITED STATE-s 'PATENT @FF-ICE i g 2.913.845 f or rnorno'ron V G; Wolfe; Greenwoolihnn.' A wenn Apro 1s, 1933. eeen No.' smoel Y s een. kol. asf-w In the mmlnlmsltion of projected or emoto-- graphic beams there is an insistent "proolem of conforming en emergent or ecepted coincident to the m'hanical 'contour of en image. i

For exemple, 'the moving picture film presents e. definitely proportioned object. This may be optically treated ior observation j In illuminating' a. motion picture screen or an enlarging screen for photographic enlargements, the ideal condition is a. screen .of equeiized brilliancy throughout, that is t say with then-lar o! equal brilliancy with the center.

This condition has not heretofore been attained in the art.

When an illuminating beam inproie'cted onto the ,suriece of anim. itis necessary to 'condense the beamte e liet eld at the picture aperture.

Unless such condensing effect, is uniform, the picture aperture is not evenly illuminated. Un- IESS it is oomnletggiinxiinetng eriiciency is lost. V.-teefeon'denleing:f srsterngenerally used in the art consists of a pair cinismo-convex spherical condensing lenses. These produce a" circular' beam vel-ying from 'the center towards its mar ein. Such a beam results in an uneven con- @entretien of .light et the' picture aperture. The.

picture aperture is intensely illuminated at .the axial focal point or the beam with concentric Afelling off of illumination et the margin of the beam, Moreover. the circular beam overlaps the rectngillar picture aperture with rultant los.:A

. ot more than 563% in illuminating eficiency. l l

In the eitottovoid these objections, it has beenproposed to use ellipsoidelreectors. produce en elongated beam which 'varies ln in tens-ity above and. below a line across the .picture aperture, and hence A'also fails Ato illuminate the screen with; equalized brilllancy throughout. The ellipsoidal reector does avoid to some extent the loss bf illuminating eileiency which is characteristic'of the spherical condensing'lns.

My -Dresent invention. in its' broadest aspect.

vconter-opl.etes e. -onitormllll'nmlnation of equalized bfrllliency throughout oi' `the picture aperture without' overlapping of beam and perture and; resultant loss'oi illuminating emmene?. This not only enablesme to'nse a llghtsouree of less candle power than heretofore in the art, ,but 4to obtain with such more economical light source a. far ur'xjl'oimlybriliient-iiinrnination o! the screen According 'to any-intention, the beam is so con densedgat the pieten-,e Aener-ture es' .entirely to evo'id formation ci @intensely bright exim local point with .-conoentrioialling ofi' of illumination at the margin or the beam. l

In .carrying -out my invention I may intern-ose between the light source-and the'plcture epertnreprefernbly nearthelfocus oi the reii'ected 5 beam. 'a toroldel condensing This iinpinges upon the :picture 'aperture s spherical eilipsoidal beam.

0r I may interpose between vthe light source and the .picture aperture a lens .system consisting 19'- ottwo toroidellenses o! unequal power with axes crossing at right angles. .'Ihese produce respec-` tivelyvverticel end horizontal lleida whlchtwlaen' 'properly eonotmctixl and focused -impinge upon the picture ep'crtureen approximately square or l5 oblong local benin` f `v (Jr I mayinterpose-.between 'the iight 'source Y,

and the picture aperture a lens 'sytem consistingA of either oneor two -enpheric-toroidei lenses,

`either in single element or combined as in the 20 i my novel lenses, so .that when alleata' -of'light strikes the rapidly revolving shutter it is condensedat the focus of .the shutter lenses 'onto the picture aperture in a' sucoestion--nf oroed bright .35- llnes, the rnpidity'of revolution'noeking one whole I horizontal bright lscreen. and, the' persistence otA vision mailing the successie bright'bands appear l es o, continuous beam or white flight.

Withnny `sind. all 'of these methods the' result 4' enfllluminoted Screen inc-whim; the.. trium-ncrof illumination is .equalized throufgllout theentlre 'aurea Yof the Vscreen. inotend of being-:oonoentrated et 'thexoenter of the sor-.een witlrgnndllol falling s ci! of 4illumination towards the edges.

With and all 'of these methode moreover,

I aoid eny'loss 4oit ill-inninai'ng -emciency while.

however,nsing e benino! lees candle newer than heretofore. 50

With any and all of methods-nieuwe .l illuminating boem i'seov condensed as to produce 'tngnnr moei inoi'nt, depending upon' Whether DI dimension of the aperturenndnspread of the @send meins approximately 1".'1875 merce-ns approximately 3".75.

When the two-torolcial curves-were ,opresor-1E.

the radii are apprmdrriately 4".50 opposed 3".'75. When the two toroidal curves-weze at right angles, the radii are approximately l3"'.i5

source, it may he' desirable .io make the curves aspherio.

.Thus by combining two opposing cilinders o1 crossed axes and of toroidal or evenwaisphec curvature, one with long radius givinga long focus inV one meridian and the other of short radius giving' a shortiocus' in the other meridian. I obtain .en approximately square focal point at the picture aperture. y

I believe it to be new in the art to use positive toroidal .curves on two' opposing surfaces.

I also believe it to be new to use these curves in a. condensing lens.`

And I further 'believe it to be new to coe -two opposed cylindrical surfaces in a condensing lens. V

While I have discussed my invention asa liens systeni for equalizing the brilliancy of the illuminat'ngbeam in a motion picture projection npparatus by condensing it to a squarebeam at the picture aperture, it 'will be understood that Unistreatment is* purely illustrative and in no rainy limiting, and that the-principles of' my invention A:lipply to other fields of illuminated proie/ation,

as photograph enlarging screens, for example..

Various rnocliiications in purpose,'cons1iructiun -and method of application may obviously be re. sorted to within the spirit and scope of my n- Ncntion asdened by the appended claims,

what I therefore claim and desire to' secure by Letters Patent is:.-

1. In aprojectfionsystem ln combination with the rectangular picture aperture, alight source,

`means for projecting a beam of circular cross section in line with said aperture, a proiecon lens system therefor, and a positive actnglcns system disposed in the path of the benr'in advancevol said aperture and having in close .iuxC tpositi'on a pair .of cylindrical surfaces ot crossed axesxand of unequal curvatures, and of opposite effect and concentratively disposed with reere'noe to the aperture and between the light sourceafnd s eid aperture and at a, less distance therefrom thanits focal length, whereby 'the iiiummnon of said aperture 4by said beam is made snlosimn` Helly-uniform by opposite'tiistcrtions of the or axes at right vauiigles to each other. to ement the conclen'sation oi the beam in the shorter beam in the longer 'dimension of the aperture in substantial rectangular coincidence with the aperture opening and projected to the nodal point of the projection-lenssystem.

.2. In a projection system ifi-combination with the rectangular picture' aperture, a light source.

means for projecting a beam of circular :mss section in' line tv iih said aperture, a projection doublet therefor, andapostive acting. lens sys` teni-disposed in the .path of the vbeen! in -avarwe of said aperture and havin-g in close j nxtapnsi# tion a pair of cylindrical surfaces of crossed one:4

and o! unequal curvetures. and o! opposite effect endconcentratively disposed with reference' tn the aperture and between the iight source and sai-d aperture and at a less dist-'ance therefrom than vits :maar length. .whebyahe illumination of said aperture "by saidhe'am .is modest-:lastentiaily.uniformby opposite distortions-.of the-beam ornxes-atright'ongles to each other vto-eltect-the condensation of 'the beam in the shorter dienen j sion of the `aperture and' a 'spread of ithe beam in the longer dimension ofv the-aperture inoubstantiai rectangular coincidence' with the apcrture opening' and projected to the second' nodal point of the projection doublet. 10 3. In acprojection system -in-combinationwith A the-rectangular picture aperture, a iight Source.

means for proiecting a bea'mor circular crocs section in line .with said aperture, 4o..projcritici:'

lens system therefor, and -alpoeliive acting leila 118 system disposed in the path 4oi? the beam in dfvance of said; aperturemrd o! a rela.-

tiv'ei'y min unitary jens-member vleaving .on its opposite faces `fyliuiricl Surfaces o f crossed axes and .ot unequal curvatures, sindl of opposite efzo feet and coz'rzs-ntrntx'feiy dis-posed with rcierenoe to the aperture and between the light Isource and said aperture and at a :les-s V':iistagnce ,thereirom than its focal length whereby the illumination .of said ,aperture'by said beam is made vsubstitu- -25 tiaily uniform by .opposite distortions of the beam or axes at right. singles to each :other to eiIect the condensation oi the beam inthe shorter dimenson of the aperture yund a 'spread of the beam in the longer dimension o1' the aperture in 30 t substantial rectangularcoincidence with the-spi erture opening and projected to the nodal point or the projection lens system.

4. Projection optics' for use in combination witht-he rectangular-,picture eperture of a inov- 35 ing `picture projector having av high intensity light:r source .and means 'for' projecting a bem therefrom of circular cross section in line with said aperture, l said optics comprising a heat re 'sisting positive' acting lens system 'disposableinn the path of the. beam 'in `erlvanceoi' .Said aperture and between .theap'erturc and iight source so es -to be exposed to the intense heat thereof, and Vconsisting of a relative-ly thin unitary lquartz glass i'ens-r'ne1nber'having o nits faces cylindrical 45.

surfaces of crossed ja-xes and o! unequal curvatures, and ,of opposite effect and eonccntrotivcly disposable in the projector Taxis with' lreferentie to vthev aperture and between the lli'gl'ii; source. and said 4eu'nerture and at a less distnnce isl'ierefroniv 5o than its "focal length whereby the 'iiluminntion of said :aperture :by sadbeam from a high initensity source may be made substantially unl- Iorzn byimrnedite .opposite distortions of 'the beam: cr faxes ,at right angles to each. other Ilio effect the 'condensation of tire beam. inthe shorter dimension of the aperture and a spread- 'oi lthe beam in the longerdmensiontof the 'xgrperturel h1 lsubistu'ital 'rectangular coincidence with the 'with the apertureopening Vritiri projected to the m :nodal point ofthe projec'tionlens' system.

5. Projection' optics lfor use in fconbigoation with thevreetangular picture aperture of a moving picture projector having e. high'ititenxity light source and means 'for -proieciinz a beam 55 therefrom of circuler --cross section iin line' `with. said aperture. said optics comprising n heet-*rc* 'sistng positive acting lens system' disposable in the' path of .thebeamin :advance of said aperture nn'd between the aperture adflight'source'so .sesto 70 'be exposed to 'the'inten'sefheat `thereof and' con sstingof .a relatively vthin untaryquertvz glass lens member having on ,its opposite feces torio.

-eylmricai surfaces or crossed axes 'and o! 'une equal curvatures and-of opposite ciiectgnd consource and .said apermrefand slt a liess dis-tano@ therefrom than its focal 162131511. whereby" the Illumination n! said-apartre-bysad beam from tially uniform by immediate :opposite dls'tortleng of thebeam or axsxt right angles to other v :afm-3,848

to eect the mndensatbn engine in the shorter dimnson @f th'e MWI-'ture inn-d n. spread 0f :the mm in' the longr mmensin o1 ytbge aperf ture in ubsantiad @mcqlnce 'with point taf 'the projection lens l c. wom 

